Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism

Article Title: The Niemann-Pick C1 gene interacts with a high-fat diet to promote weight gain through differential regulation of central energy metabolism pathways

doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00369.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Amounts of liver SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 protein. A: representative Western blot analysis of liver SREBP-1 protein and β-actin for Npc1+/+ and Npc1+/− mice fed a LFD or HFD at 30 wk. B: amounts of liver SREBP-1 protein adjusted for β-actin and normalized to amounts of liver SREBP-1 protein for Npc1+/+ mice fed a LFD. C: representative Western blot analysis of liver SREBP-2 protein and β-actin for Npc1+/+ and Npc1+/− mice fed a LFD or HFD at 20 wk. D: amounts of liver SREBP-2 protein adjusted for β-actin and normalized to the amounts of liver SREBP-2 protein for Npc1+/+ mice fed a LFD. Values are expressed as means ± SE of six mice per group. *P < 0.05 compared with Npc1+/+ mice fed a LFD.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies to detect mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) protein were purchased from Cayman Chemical (10007663) and Novus Biologicals (100–2215), respectively.

Techniques: Western Blot

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism

Article Title: The Niemann-Pick C1 gene interacts with a high-fat diet to promote weight gain through differential regulation of central energy metabolism pathways

doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00369.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: RNA microarray of livers from Npc1 +/+ and Npc1 +/− mice fed a HFD

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies to detect mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) protein were purchased from Cayman Chemical (10007663) and Novus Biologicals (100–2215), respectively.

Techniques: Microarray

Journal: American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism

Article Title: The Niemann-Pick C1 gene interacts with a high-fat diet to promote weight gain through differential regulation of central energy metabolism pathways

doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00369.2016

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic representation of the proposed Npc1 gene-diet metabolic pathway that promotes weight gain. A: dietary saturated fatty acids have been reported to increase expression of the Pgc1a and Pgc1b genes and the amounts of encoded PGC-1α and PGC1-β proteins. B: the PGC-1α and PGC1-β proteins serve as transcriptional coactivators for the nuclear receptor LXR (activated in the presence of oxysterol) that forms a heterodimer with RXR (activated in the presence of retinoic acid) to increase expression of the Srebp1 gene and the amounts of encoded precursor SREBP-1 protein. C: decreased Npc1 gene dosage and decreased amounts of encoded NPC1 protein has been reported to impair feedback inhibition of the SREBP pathway characterized by an increased amount of mature SREBP-1 protein that serves as a transcription factor. D: the increased amounts of PGC-1β protein (but not PGC-1α protein) have also been reported to serve as a transcriptional coactivator for the increased amounts of mature SREBP-1 protein to increase expression of target genes encoding proteins that regulate increased glycolysis and lipogenesis but also decreased expression of the Ppara gene and the amounts of encoded PPARα protein. E: the PGC-1α protein (but not PGC-1β protein) serves as a transcriptional coactivator for the decreased amounts of PPARα protein that forms a heterodimer with RXR and decreases expression of target genes. F: these PPARα target genes encode proteins that regulate triacylglycerol lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation. Therefore, the proposed Npc1 gene-diet interaction metabolic pathway promotes weight gain through increased glycolysis and lipogenesis in addition to decreased triacylglycerol lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation. PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α; PGC-1β peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator-1β; LXR, liver X receptor; RXR, retinoid X receptor; LXRE, liver X receptor response element; SREBP-1, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1; SREBP, sterol regulatory element-binding protein response element; PPARα, peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor alpha; PPRE, peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor response element.

Article Snippet: The primary antibodies to detect mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) protein were purchased from Cayman Chemical (10007663) and Novus Biologicals (100–2215), respectively.

Techniques: Expressing, Inhibition, Binding Assay

Journal: Scientific Reports

Article Title: Transport of Anthocyanins and other Flavonoids by the Arabidopsis ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter AtABCC2

doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37504-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Uptake of C3G by Arabidopsis membrane vesicle fractions from discontinuous sucrose gradients. C3G uptake in the presence or absence of MgATP was determined in membrane vesicles collected from the interface between the indicated sucrose concentrations ( a ). Values shown are the means of three replicates ± SD. The enrichment of various membrane vesicles in each fraction was determined through western blots ( b ) using primary antibodies against the H + -ATPase (plasma membrane marker, PM), BiP luminal-binding protein (endoplasmic reticulum marker, ER), and the V-ATPase (vacuolar marker). Numbers under each blot represent relative pixel intensities of the bands in a row. The full-length blots are shown in Supplementary Fig. .

Article Snippet: Primary antibodies against the V-ATPase (vacuolar marker), H + -ATPase (plasma membrane marker), and BiP luminal-binding protein (endoplasmic reticulum marker) were obtained from Agrisera (Vännäs, Sweden) and western blot analysis was conducted as described by Vaca et al . .

Techniques: Membrane, Western Blot, Clinical Proteomics, Marker, Binding Assay

Journal: Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research

Article Title: Administration of neem ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extract decreases TNF-α and IL-6 expressions in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats

doi: 10.5455/javar.2020.g476

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunohistochemical analysis of TNF-α results. From upper left to lower left slides in clockwise order showing category 0–3 of TNF- α expressions. (Magnification: 400x optical power).

Article Snippet: The specimens were incubated overnight at 4°C, then immune-stained with primary antibody (rabbit polyclonal IgG to bind the mice TNF-α and IL-6) (Wuhan Fine Biotech Co., Ltd., China) in a concentration of 1 mg/ml diluted by 1:600.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining

Journal: Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research

Article Title: Administration of neem ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extract decreases TNF-α and IL-6 expressions in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats

doi: 10.5455/javar.2020.g476

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of DSS induction on TNF-α and IL-6 expressions.

Article Snippet: The specimens were incubated overnight at 4°C, then immune-stained with primary antibody (rabbit polyclonal IgG to bind the mice TNF-α and IL-6) (Wuhan Fine Biotech Co., Ltd., China) in a concentration of 1 mg/ml diluted by 1:600.

Techniques: Control, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research

Article Title: Administration of neem ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extract decreases TNF-α and IL-6 expressions in dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in rats

doi: 10.5455/javar.2020.g476

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of neem leaf extract on TNF-α expression and its comparison to mesalazine.

Article Snippet: The specimens were incubated overnight at 4°C, then immune-stained with primary antibody (rabbit polyclonal IgG to bind the mice TNF-α and IL-6) (Wuhan Fine Biotech Co., Ltd., China) in a concentration of 1 mg/ml diluted by 1:600.

Techniques: Expressing, Comparison